The vars()
method returns the __dict__
(dictionary mapping) attribute of the given object.
Example
# returns __dict__ of a list
print(vars(list))
# Output:
# {'__repr__': <slot wrapper '__repr__' of 'list' objects>, '__hash__': None, '__getattribute__': <slot wrapper '__getattribute__' of 'list' objects>, ….}
vars() Syntax
The syntax of the vars()
method is:
vars(object)
vars() Parameter
The vars()
method takes a single parameter:
- object - can be a module, class, instance, or any object having the
__dict__
attribute
vars() Return Value
The vars()
method returns:
__dict__
attribute of the given object.- methods in the local scope when no arguments are passed
- TypeError if the object passed doesn't have the
__dict__
attribute
Example: Python vars()
# vars() with no argument
print (vars())
# returns __dict__ of a dictionary object
print(vars(dict))
Output:
{'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__package__': None, '__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, '__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {}, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>} {'__repr__': <slot wrapper '__repr__' of 'dict' objects>, '__hash__': None, '__getattribute__': <slot wrapper '__getattribute__' of 'dict' objects> ….}
Example 2 : vars() with No __dict__ Attribute Argument
string = "Jones"
# vars() with a string
print(vars(string))
Output:
TypeError: vars() argument must have __dict__ attribute
In the above example, we have passed a string "Jones"
to the vars()
method.
Since a string doesn't have the __dict__
attribute, we get a TypeError.
Example 3: vars() with a custom object
class Fruit:
def __init__(self, apple = 5, banana = 10):
self.apple = apple
self.banana = banana
eat = Fruit()
# returns __dict__ of the eat object
print(vars(eat))
Output
{'apple': 5, 'banana': 10}
In the above example, we have used the vars()
method with a custom object eat of the class Fruit
.
As you can see, there are two variables in the Fruit
class apple and banana with their values 5 and 10.
Hence, we get the output {'apple': 5, 'banana': 10} in a dictionary form thanks to the vars()
method.
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