Example: Program to count vowels, consonants, digits, and spaces
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String line = "This website is aw3som3.";
int vowels = 0, consonants = 0, digits = 0, spaces = 0;
line = line.toLowerCase();
for (int i = 0; i < line.length(); ++i) {
char ch = line.charAt(i);
// check if character is any of a, e, i, o, u
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u') {
++vowels;
}
// check if character is in between a to z
else if ((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')) {
++consonants;
}
// check if character is in between 0 to 9
else if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
++digits;
}
// check if character is a white space
else if (ch == ' ') {
++spaces;
}
}
System.out.println("Vowels: " + vowels);
System.out.println("Consonants: " + consonants);
System.out.println("Digits: " + digits);
System.out.println("White spaces: " + spaces);
}
}
Output
Vowels: 7 Consonants: 11 Digits: 2 White spaces: 3
In the above example, we've 4 conditions for each of the checks.
- The first
if
condition is to check whether the character is a vowel or not. - The
else if
condition followingif
is to check whether the character is a consonant or not. This condition is checked only when theif
condition is false. - The second
else if
is to check whether the character is between 0 to 9 or not. - Finally, the last condition is to check whether the character is a space character or not.
For this, we've lowercased the line using toLowerCase(). This is an optimization done not to check for capitalized A to Z and vowels.
We've used length() function to know the length of the string and charAt() to get the character at the given index (position).